Introduction
Bitumen Penetration Grade 40/50 is a semi-hard penetration bitumen used extensively in heavy-duty road construction and infrastructural projects.
Classified under ASTM D946M specifications, the grade penetrates between 40 to 50 dmm and has improved viscosity and deformation resistance.
Because of its thermoplastic nature, Bitumen 40/50 melts at high temperatures and freezes at low temperatures, making it an ideal binder in hot mix asphalt (HMA), especially in hot and tropical climates.
Its consistent performance and enhanced durability have made it a suitable option for high-traffic freeways, urban intersections, and airport runways. Its quality is guaranteed by automated production processes, so that a homogeneous, consistent product is delivered batch after batch.
Production Process
Bitumen 40/50 is derived through the vacuum distillation of the crude oil, where the heaviest fractions are further treated to meet some penetration grade specifications. In quality control, different parameters such as penetration, softening point, and ductility are tested to confirm its grade conformity.
Application of Bitumen 40/50
Bitumen 40/50 has its primary application in hot mix asphalt (HMA) formulations due to its binding property and temperature resistance. Its thermoplastic nature allows it to perform equally well in cold and hot weather and hence is utilized in a range of heavy-duty infrastructure development. The grade finds extensive use in high-traffic highways, city junctions, and airport runways where the product is required to withstand continuous load and stress. It also finds application in coastal and tropical cities where the temperature is constantly high and pavement performance is of utmost importance. Its high viscosity improves the cohesion among aggregates and makes the resulting pavement structure more durable.
Advantages of Bitumen 40/50
Bitumen 40/50 has several performance benefits that distinguish it from softer grades:
- Excellent thermal cracking and rutting resistance
- High softening point suitable for tropical climates
- Longer service life under continuous traffic and stress
- Improved adhesion to a broad spectrum of aggregates and materials
- Maintains elasticity while being rigid under load
Properties of Bitumen 40/50
Physical properties of Bitumen 40/50 are as follows:
- Penetration @ 25°C: 40–50 dmm (ASTM D5)
- Softening Point: 52–60°C (ASTM D36)
- Specific Gravity @ 25°C: 1.01–1.06 (ASTM D70)
- Ductility @ 25°C: ≥100 cm (ASTM D113)
- Flash Point: ≥250°C (ASTM D92)
- Loss on Heating: ≤0.2% (ASTM D6)
- Drop in Penetration after Heating: ≤20%
- Solubility in CS₂: ≥99.5% (ASTM D4)
- Spot Test: Negative (AASHTO T102)
Packing of Bitumen 40/50
Bitumen 40/50 is available in different packaging to suit project scale and logistical needs. For large-scale government or industrial projects, bulk shipments can be arranged for economy and uninterrupted supply. For small-scale or export-oriented use, bitumen is packed in new steel drums (150, 180, and 220 kg), Jumbo bags (1000 to 1300 kg), Bitubags, or Tubular cartons (10 and 20 kg). All packaging types are sealed tightly and marked to avert moisture, contamination, and spillage while in storage or in transport.
Difference Between Bitumen 40/50 and 30/40
| Property | Bitumen 40/50 | Bitumen 30/40 |
|---|---|---|
| Penetration @ 25°C (dmm) | 40–50 | 30–40 |
| Hardness | Medium-hard | Hard |
| Softening Point (°C) | 52–60 | 55–63 |
| Ductility @ 25°C (cm) | ≥100 | ≥75 |
| Flexibility | Higher flexibility in temperature changes | More rigid; less flexible |
| Recommended Usage | Roads, highways, airport runways | Heavy-duty roads, extremely hot climates |
| Traffic Load Suitability | Moderate to heavy | Heavy and super-heavy loads |
| Climate Suitability | Tropical and warm zones | Extremely hot and high-pressure environments |
| Durability | Long service life under general conditions | Extended life under high-stress conditions |
Handling & Storage Recommendations
Safe handling of bitumen is essential for both product quality and personnel safety:
- Avoid skin contact and inhalation of vapors
- Ensure good ventilation when transferring or heating
- Keep away from ignition sources and flames
- Do not smoke, drink, or eat when handling
- For storage, keep bitumen in a dry, shaded, and well-ventilated warehouse. Always store in sealed containers to prevent moisture ingress or deterioration.
Quality Guarantee
All Bitumen 40/50 shipments undergo strict QC inspection and batch testing, certified by independent international surveyors. This ensures both quality and quantity to contractual and international standards before loading and delivery.
Specification
| Bitumen 40/50 | Test method | Unit | Specification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific gravity @ 25°c | ASTM D70 | Kg/cm3 | 1.01/1.06 |
| Penetration @ 25°c | ASTM D5 | mm/10 | 40/50 |
| Softening point °c | ASTM D36 | °C | 52/60 |
| Ductility @25 °c | ASTM D113 | cm | 100 min |
| Loss on heating(wt) % | ASTM D6 | wt % | 0.2 max |
| Drop in penetration after heating % | ASTM D5-D6 | % | 20 max |
| Flash point °c | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Solubility is CS2(wt) % | ASTM D4 | wt % | 99.5 min |
| Spot test | A.A.S.H.O.T102 | _____ | Negative |
FAQs
Why is Bitumen 40/50 suitable for heavy-duty applications?
Its stiffness and high softening point make it most appropriate for heavy axle load roads and high ambient temperature areas.
Can Asphalt 40/50 be used in cold mix?
No. Bitumen 40/50 is of high viscosity and is not suitable for use in cold mix asphalt. Softer grades like 80/100 are preferable for such use.
How is Asphalt 40/50 stored?
It should be stored in sealed containers in a cool, dry, and shaded location, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
Is Asphalt 40/50 eco-friendly?
While it’s a petroleum-based product, safe handling and responsible waste management reduce its environmental impact.
What safety precautions are necessary when handling Bitumen 40/50?
Always use PPE (gloves, goggles, and respirators) and work in a well-ventilated area to prevent direct exposure and inhalation of fumes.
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